DATE: 21 NOVEMBER 2025
RE: Information Concerning Satoshi Nakamoto and REDACTED

Dear REDACTED:

Seventeen years have now passed since the release of Bitcoin. Should any question have existed regarding the legality of our research in Santa Barbara between 2007 and 2011, I believe the legal system ought by now to have extended its forgiveness. Nevertheless, I consider it prudent to maintain some distance from this project, as it has attracted a considerable degree of violence and hostility toward those who built it.

The following points are offered in support of my account. I respectfully suggest that you verify them independently:

Based on an informal sampling of peers within the cryptocurrency community, I understand that Hal Finney is regarded as one of the five individuals most likely to be "the real Satoshi Nakamoto." Mr. Finney and I resided in the same city, Santa Barbara, California, at the time Bitcoin was developed and deployed. Williamson Software, my software company of more than thirty years, was then located in Santa Barbara. My history there is extensive and readily verifiable, even after my departure in late 2009 to join the SOS team in Texas, and my subsequent relocation to Mexico. Mr. Finney traveled to Arizona only at the end of his life, in order to be cryonically preserved at a specialized institution.

Bitcoin attained scalability by means of the blockchain. Computer programming is my principal technical vocation, with a specialization in databases, and I have worked with database systems since 1986. The blockchain concept originated in my work on ideaOS and the UIOS, which featured a file system known as IFS. That system used a hash to verify each file within a novel, decentralized file system, and this hashing mechanism was called the iBlock. The blockchain is very similar in design. You may download and read the white paper I authored in 2007, one year before Satoshi published his paper introducing Bitcoin in 2008. This white paper subsequently circulated within the Santa Barbara technology community, as I was raising funds at that time for my startup, InfoShare. Mr. Finney had not previously developed anything resembling a blockchain, and was attempting to make a cryptocurrency function by means of a specialized hardware cipher card before I proposed a solution based on a replicated file system; that is to say, the blockchain. The blockchain is a database solution, and I am a database specialist. Mr. Finney was a cryptographer, not a database specialist. Furthermore, a project derived from Bitcoin, the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), was begun much later, in 2014. It is a Bitcoin-inspired, decentralized and replicating file system, which closely resembles what I attempted with IFS in 2007, a full seven years earlier. Is it not noteworthy that Bitcoin inspired a decentralized file system in 2014 similar to the IFS in ideaOS, which I built in 2007? I find it quite telling. It required seven years for others to build what I had first invented, and which led me to invent the blockchain. An early draft of the white paper for ideaOS, dating from approximately the summer of 2007, is available (this version is only a rough draft, which I was obliged to retrieve from my 2007 email correspondence with my attorney in Santa Barbara, REDACTED): Please see the attached file: 42-QJHMQF-UIOS-PoC-July2007-Rev1.pdf This document would ordinarily be available at the URL below. However, I am experiencing considerable difficulty protecting this U.S.-based server from intrusion and from the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks that began during the initial deployment of DNA in October 2025. In addition, the server was compromised approximately one year ago, and this document was deleted on that occasion as well. You may therefore have difficulty retaining access to it. UIOS PoC White Paper

I have been a customer of Namecheap, a domain registrar, for many years. I have been with Namecheap for approximately twenty years. One may reasonably ask where bitcoin.org was registered. There are literally thousands of domain registrars worldwide, and twenty years ago Namecheap was a new company. Myworld.cash is a Namecheap registration, as are dozens of other domain names I have registered, including williamsonsoftware.com, earthica.world, possibilityof.com and workon.mobi (2014). I cannot recall every domain I have registered through Namecheap, but the company likely maintains historical records. I have a long history with this company. A reputable attestation regarding the Namecheap registration of bitcoin.org may be found here: Namecheap bitcoin.org

Earthica Society carries forward the basic tenets of the blockchain concept and was founded in 2012. In late 2012, working alone in my one-room apartment in downtown Hermosillo, I began to set down the fundamentals of a blockchain-based system of governance, which I named Earthica Society. Several months later I registered earthica.net with Namecheap and began to map out this new system of governance. As soon as the website was published, however, I became the target of a massive DDoS attack. In 2017, I believe Bill Gates launched THE GOVERNMENT NETWORK (https://thegovernment.network), which I regard as an imitation of Earthica Society. That same year, my second business partner, Gonsalo Dojaque, died in what was officially ruled a suicide, a conclusion I believe to be false. The blockchain was intended to foster decentralization and freedom for the people. It represents a disruption of the control that elites exercise over all of us. Earthica Society has since found a home, protected by firewall filtering in a foreign country, at https://earthica.world.

We used GMX in order to avoid Google's mass data collection. Rather than use Gmail or another potentially compromised email provider (I was working at the time as a provider of proxy and privacy services), I proposed that we use GMX for email. I registered williamsonsoftware@gmx.com and other addresses in approximately 2007. A review of the original Bitcoin white paper will show that its author used a GMX email address.

One of the Bitcoin programmers was likely a Forth programmer. Forth is an extremely rare and highly specialized programming language, used by very few people. I have been a Forth programmer since 1982, and I am probably the only Forth programmer you know. I once wrote a dBase replacement program, as well as an entire forms application, in Forth. All Bitcoin transactions are executed using a Forth-like script that employs a Forth LIFO (Last In, First Out) stack and postfix notation. Many people are curious as to the identity of Satoshi, and many suspect that he was a Forth programmer. The DNA eRobots use an updated scripting language with the same fundamental design characteristics as Forth: a stack-based variable system and postfix syntax. This format, which may seem somewhat unconventional at first, yields a highly efficient code structure because the order of execution flows naturally from left to right. This is the native order for a computer or robot to follow. Forth programs are very lightweight and easy for a computer to process. REDACTED, a gifted engineer, taught me Forth when I was still a teenager. I have been told that Forth was originally written to program robots. I regard the interrelationships among automated DeFi programs working in concert as robot-like in nature. This explains the choice of a robot programming language in Bitcoin and in DNA, as well as the name Robotica for the DNA scripting language, as implemented in the eRobot. The following article mentions the Forth programming language in relation to Bitcoin: Forth Programming Language a Part of Bitcoin

It has been asked why British spelling appears at times in the writings of Satoshi. Commentators have noted that Satoshi was inconsistent in national spelling conventions, which has been regarded as yet another enigma. I recently addressed this publicly on my blog, so it is no longer a secret. It was not done to conceal anyone's identity. It occurred inadvertently because the default Ubuntu Live CD included a British spell-check dictionary (Canonical, the maker of Ubuntu, was and remains a British company). I was too busy at the time, and frankly too negligent, to burn a new CD with the U.S. English dictionary. That is the simple truth. Perhaps Satoshi was not the world's best speller. We used Live CDs (a complete, bootable operating system) in order to remain anonymous. The Ubuntu Live CD included OpenOffice with a British spell-checker. Using a Live CD is a very effective method of preventing one's operating system from revealing one's true identity, and many people still use it today. OpenOffice, incidentally, was also used to author the original Satoshi white paper. Reddit Post

Mr. Finney and I were both technically minded software professionals with an interest in open source, Linux, and writing code with an emphasis on privacy and security. We lived in Santa Barbara, were both runners, and both flew airplanes. It would have been difficult for us not to have known one another. Santa Barbara is not large, only a fraction of the size of Hermosillo. For a period, Mr. Finney worked at Green Hills Software, four blocks from my company, Williamson Software. Although some years have passed, I recall encountering him at downtown Santa Barbara establishments such as the Earthling Cafe/Bookstore and the Coffee Cat. We also shared a disdain for abuses of power by oligarchs, particularly with respect to monetary policy. We held many of the same Cypherpunk ideals, although I would not describe myself as an anarchist, nor do I believe that description applies to Mr. Finney. The Cypherpunks helped us launch Bitcoin, and their manifesto supports this type of independence. Since becoming involved in this work in 2007, I have donated to the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) when able. The EFF was founded by a Cypherpunk. I continue to receive its emails and support its activities whenever possible.

Mr. Finney and his wife, Fran, both stated that they were being stalked and harassed, as was I, during the same period and in the same city, by unknown parties. Mrs. Finney has said so publicly. Before Mr. Finney was cryonically preserved, both he and Fran showed great distress over this matter. I made a similar complaint at nearly the same time. In fact, the stalking directed at me began in December 2007. I believe that Mr. Finney's difficulties began only after he received the first Bitcoin transaction in January 2009, more than one year later. I have numerous customers and vendors who can attest to these events, as they were victimized by an individual who hacked their systems and destroyed my work on their behalf. I engaged other technical professionals in Santa Barbara, who have already attested to these facts, provided written statements, and worked with me to protect Williamson Software. The local Sheriff's office was of little assistance and, at the time, lacked the technical knowledge to help. In 2009 I filed a report with the FBI in Ventura, California, the field office nearest Santa Barbara, and they took no action to protect us; indeed, I believe they treated our concerns with derision. On one occasion I lunched with my attorney, REDACTED, bringing with me a steel briefcase with a keypad lock that contained my laptop. For the last six months I lived in Santa Barbara, I carried it with me everywhere I went. I am certain that REDACTED remembers my complaints of being stalked by unknown persons. His computers, and the servers I had configured for his Santa Barbara company, were also compromised. The entire law firm very likely recalls my allegations and my frustration, as does REDACTED, a Malibu planning firm to which I introduced DocuPost, a product that I believe was taken by Google and became Google Drive. I further believe that Google's current chief executive built his career around this invention of mine. A great many distressing events befell us both during this period, including Mr. Finney's illness with a fatal disease, which I believe may have been induced by a virus. I have documented much of this on my other blogs. To this day I remain deeply aggrieved by what happened to us and by the manner in which everything was taken from us. I lost my home, my friends, my family and my businesses because of the individuals responsible. I have learned, at a deep and profound level, that when it comes to the protection of the monetary system, THE POLICE MAY BECOME ONE'S ADVERSARY.

Proxies helped us to remain anonymous. I was an early member of the original Anonymous in California. I am trained in hacking forensics and have provided these services professionally for many years. For ten years I established and operated GhostProxy.com, which in the early 2000s was one of the leading proxy services in the world. Proxies help people to remain anonymous. This was before proxies and VPNs became widespread and mainstream. In 2006, local attorneys retained me to assist the University of REDACTED in defending itself against allegations of hacking by certain of its employees. We prevailed in that matter. The NSA, Microsoft, the Mexican Mafia and I have been engaged in a twenty-year hacking conflict. The point is that we remained anonymous for many years through the tools of the trade that we employed. Why does the mystery of Satoshi remain unsolved after twenty years? Because REDACTED we practiced sound, professional operational security whenever possible. I am only now hinting at my involvement because eCoin is likely to become an even greater target. There is little point in remaining hidden. I would prefer to be known for what I have contributed and, perhaps, to solicit the support and involvement of those who can assist us. The DDoS attacks have begun, the conflict is already under way, and it will likely worsen before it improves.

Mr. Finney and I were both recreational runners who competed in the same races in and around Santa Barbara during the same period. Race records for both of us can probably be located for the area. In fact, I was a dedicated professional triathlete for some years before retiring and founding Williamson Software in the early 1990s. I competed in well over 100 races, including the New Zealand Ironman and the USTS National Championships in Hilton Head Island, and I placed first in the Santa Barbara Sprint Triathlon in 1999. I became a recreational athlete in 1993 and competed in local running events and other endurance sports.

Evidence from the Chardonnay 10 Mile Race. One article asserts that Mr. Finney could not have been the real Satoshi because messages allegedly sent by Satoshi were transmitted while Mr. Finney was running the Chardonnay 10 Mile event that year. This would imply collaboration with others. As I recall, I did not run the race that year, although I have run it in prior years. It is a lovely and exceptionally scenic venue. Chardonnay 10 Mile Race with Hal Finney

Mr. Finney was the first recipient of Bitcoin. The logic is inescapable: either he was Satoshi, he knew him, or he was closely connected to him. First P2P Transaction

REMAINDER REDACTED